By Gary Marcus
Publication Date: 2025-11-29 16:37:00
Three years ago, on November 30, 2022, ChatGPT was released. It was one of the fastest growing consumer products in history and got more press than God. But I think it’s fair to argue that it’s not what is often portrayed and probably never will be.
Before I delve deeper, I want to be absolutely clear about four of my core beliefs that are often misrepresented:
I believe that artificial general intelligence (AGI) is achievable.
I believe there is at least a chance that artificial general intelligence will have a large net benefit to society.
I just don’t think large language models like ChatGPT will get us there. (While I believe they have their uses, I worry about their costs to society, such as bias, cybersecurity, misinformation, non-consensual deepfake porn, copyright theft, energy and water consumption, the gradual de-shitification of the Internet, the severe impact on higher education, and so on.)
I think that the recurring core technical problems we have…



