On August 26th, 1896, Khalid bin Barghash felt smug. The British forces off the coast of Zanzibar had told him they would attack at 9am the following morning unless he abdicated his position as sultan.
Having just assumed the throne a day prior, following the suspicious death of his predecessor, he was in no mood to do so. Instead, he called the bluff of the British forces, and said he didn’t believe they would attack.
At 9am the next day, the British duly attacked. In just 38 minutes, the…



