Exploring the differences in atmospheric mesoscale kinetic energy spectra between AI based and physics based models – Scientific Reports

Analysis product ERA5

ERA5 is used as a measure of forecasts’ truth because the AI models all used ERA5 as their training data. Hence comparison with ERA5 indicates the skillfulness of these models relative to the best possible forecast given their training data. The ERA5 system used a T639 spectral model (~ 0.28° grid) and an N320 reduced Gaussian grid, and the analysis increment was obtained by running three successive inner loops at resolutions of T95, T159, and T255 to minimize the…