Subnetting is an essential concept in computer networking that helps in designing IP addresses and managing network traffic. However, for many network administrators, subnetting remains a complex and daunting task. In this article, we will demystify subnetting and teach you how to master this network configuration technique.
What is Subnetting?
In simple terms, subnetting is the process of dividing a larger network into smaller sub-networks. The purpose of subnetting is to improve network performance, reduce network congestion, and improve security.
Subnetting involves dividing the IP address into two portions, the network portion, and the host portion. The network portion identifies the network, and the host portion identifies the individual device within the network.
For example, if you have an IP address of 192.168.0.0/24, the first three octets identify the network, and the last octet identifies the individual device within the network.
Why Subnet?
Subnetting offers various benefits such as:
1. Improved Network Performance : Smaller networks have fewer devices, which reduce network traffic, leading to better network performance.
2. Better Security: By creating smaller networks, an administrator can control access to the network and improve security.
3. Simplified Network Management: Subnetting allows administrators to simplify network management by segmenting the network into smaller networks.
How to Subnet?
The first step in subnetting is to determine the number of networks needed. This step is crucial in determining the network mask required. For example, if you need eight networks, the subnet mask would be /29.
Once you have determined the number of networks required, convert this number to its binary form. In our example above, eight is 00001000.
Then, determine the number of bits needed to generate the required number of networks. In our example, three bits are needed to accommodate eight networks.
Subtract the number of bits required from 32 (the length of an IP address) to get the number of bits in the host portion. In our example, 32 – 3 = 29, so the subnet mask is /29.
Finally, divide your IP address range into subnets with a host ID range suitable for each subnet.
Conclusion
Subnetting is an essential concept in computer networking that enables administrators to manage IP addresses and network traffic more efficiently. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can easily master this technique and improve your network’s performance, security, and management.