Internetworking, or the process of connecting multiple computer networks, is a critical aspect of modern-day communication. The internet, the most significant network of all, is a result of internetworking. However, as a beginner, understanding internetworking can be intimidating, given the myriad of technical jargon and concepts involved. In this beginner’s guide, we aim to demystify internetworking, making it more accessible to everyone.
What is internetworking?
Internetworking is the process of connecting multiple computer networks to allow for communication between different devices. The networks could be of different types, size, or geographical location, and can be connected either through wired or wireless links. The goal is to make sure that all the devices on multiple networks can communicate with each other and exchange data.
Different types of networks
Before we delve deeper into internetworking, it is essential to understand the different types of networks that exist. These include:
1. Local Area Networks (LANs): These are networks that connect devices within a small geographical area, such as a building or campus. LANs typically have high-speed connections and are used to share resources like printers, internet connection, and files.
2. Wide Area Networks (WANs): These are networks that connect computers over a large geographic area, like a city or country. WANs typically use slower connections, such as satellite links, and are used to connect large organizations, data centers, or connect different city or country networks.
3. Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs): These are networks that connect computers within a metropolitan area, such as a city. MANs typically use fiber-optic cables and other high-speed connections and are used to connect different buildings in a city or universities.
Understanding Protocols
In networking, protocols are the rules that control communication between devices. Protocols ensure that the data transferred between devices is in the correct format and that it reaches the intended destination. Some of the commonly used protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, and SMTP.
TCP/IP protocol
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol) make up the foundation of the internet. TCP controls the transmission of data, and IP is responsible for the routing and delivery of data packets.
HTTP and HTTPS protocols
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used to transfer data between web servers and web browsers. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is the secure version of HTTP that uses Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) to encrypt data.
SMTP protocol
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the standard protocol used for sending and receiving email messages.
The Role of Routers
Routers are devices used to connect multiple networks and allow communication between different devices. They are responsible for making routing decisions by directing data packets to their correct destination. A router receives data packets, verifies their destination, and transmits them to the next network until they reach their final destination. Routers are essential in internetworking because they connect different networks and allow for communication between them.
Addressing
Each device on a network has a unique identifier called an IP address. IP addresses are used to identify devices on a network and allow for communication. For communication to take place between devices on different networks, a router must be used to route data packets based on destination IP addresses.
Conclusion
In conclusion, internetworking has become critical in our everyday lives, with the internet being a result of connecting multiple computer networks. Demystifying internetworking involves understanding the different types of networks, protocols, addressing, and the role of routers. With this basic knowledge, internetworking becomes more accessible, and anyone can learn more about networking and its applications.